Charles Ebinger is the Director of the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution. Prior to joining Brookings, he was a Senior Energy Advisor at the International Resources Group. Ebinger was an Adjunct Professor at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service from 1979-2003 and is currently an Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins University's Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. He also currently serves on the Board of Directors of the Washington Chapter of the international Association of Energy Economists. Dr. Ebinger has 30 years of experience addressing the security, political, economic, environmental, and foreign policy interrelationships surrounding domestic and international energy issues. In 1975, he helped to establish the International Energy Agency and its oil-sharing mechanism. From 1976 to 1979, Dr. Ebinger served as Vice President of Conant and Associates, an international oil, gas and electricity political risk consulting company. In 1979, he became the founding Director of CSIS's Energy and Strategic Resources Program and served as Director until 1987. From 1987-1988, he was a Senior Consultant at Putnam Hayes & Bartlett. From 1988-1999, he served as Executive Vice President at the International Resources Group. In 1999, he joined Stone & Webster Management Consultants as the Director of International Energy Practice. From 2000-2004 he held several positions at Bechtel Consulting, including Vice President and Director of International Utility Services, Senior Vice President for Middle East, Central Asia, and Africa, and Senior Vice President for Global Privatization/ Restructuring/Regulation. He received his B.A. from Williams College and his Ph.D. from the Fletcher School of International Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.

William H. Frey is an internationally regarded demographer, known for his research on urban populations, migration, immigration, race, aging, political demographics and his expertise on the U.S. Census. Frey's demographic expertise draws from his nearly three decades at the University of Michigan where he is on the faculty of the University's Institute for Social Research and Population Studies Center. He has authored well over 200 publications and several books including Regional and Metropolitan Growth and Decline in the US (Russell Sage, 1988, with Alden Speare, Jr); America By the Numbers: A Fieldguide to the US Population (The New Press, 2001 with Bill Abresch and Jonathan Yeasting), and Social Atlas of the United States (Allyn and Bacon, 2008 with Amy Beth Anspach and John Paul DeWitt). At Michigan, he has directed projects with the National Science Foundation, NICHD Center for Population Research, and several foundations. He has contributed to the 1995 President's National Urban Policy Report, to HUD's State of the Cities 2000 report, and to the Russell Sage Foundation's Census research series. He has been a consultant to the US Census Bureau, and a contributing editor to American Demographics magazine.

Frey has also been active in creating demographic media for use by educators, policy makers and the general public. Examples are the websites: US Demographics; Social Science Data Analysis Network ; and CensusScope.

Frey received a Ph.D. in sociology from Brown University in 1974. He has been a Visiting Research Scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Austria); the Andrew W. Mellon, Research Scholar at the Population Reference Bureau in Washington, DC, and the Hewlett Visiting Scholar at Child Trends in Washington, DC. He previously held positions at Rutgers University, the University of Washington- Seattle, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the State University of New York at Albany. He is a member of the Population Association of America, the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, the American Sociological Association, and is a past Fellow of the Urban Land Institute.

Frey is also known for his ability to communicate demographic trends to general and policy audiences. His research been written about in such diverse venues as The Economist, The New York Times Magazine, The New Republic, The National Journal, The New Yorker and Forbes. His commentary and observations have been featured on broadcast media including National Public Radio's All Things Considered , PBS's NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, NBC's Nightly News, ABC's World News, CBS's Evening News, C-SPAN's Washington Journal, and print media including The New York Times, The Washington Post, USA Today and The Wall Street Journal.

Ron Haskins is a senior fellow in the Economic Studies program and co-director of the Center on Children and Families at the Brookings Institution and senior consultant at the Annie E. Casey Foundation in Baltimore. From February to December of 2002 he was the senior advisor to the president for welfare policy at the White House. Prior to joining Brookings and Casey, he spent 14 years on the staff of the House Ways and Means Human Resources Subcommittee, first as welfare counsel to the Republican staff, then as the subcommittee's staff director. From 1981-1985, he was a senior researcher at the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Center at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He also taught and lectured on history and education at UNC, Charlotte and developmental psychology at Duke University.

Haskins was the editor of the 1996, 1998, and 2000 editions of the Green Book, a 1,600-page compendium of the nation's social programs published by the House Ways and Means Committee that analyzes domestic policy issues including health care, poverty, and unemployment. Haskins is a senior editor of The Future of Children, a journal on policy issues that affect children and families. He has also co-edited several books, including Welfare Reform and Beyond: The Future of the Safety Net (2002), The New World of Welfare (2001) and Policies for America's Public Schools: Teachers, Equity, and Indicators (Ablex, 1988), and is a contributor to numerous books and scholarly journals on children's development and social policy issues. He is also the author of Work over Welfare: The Inside Story of the 1996 Welfare Reform Law (2006) and the co-author of Getting Ahead or Losing Ground: Economic Mobility in America (Pew, 2008). He has appeared frequently on radio and television and has written articles and editorials for several newspapers and periodicals including the Washington Post, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Policy Review, State Government News, American Enterprise, National Review, and the Weekly Standard. His areas of expertise include welfare reform, child care, child support enforcement, family composition and marriage, and child protection. In 1997, Haskins was selected by the National Journal as one of the 100 most influential people in the federal government. In 2000, Haskins received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Federal Office of Child Support Enforcement; and in 2005 he received the President's Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Field of Human Services from the American Public Human Services Association.

He holds a bachelor's degree in History, a master's in Education, and a Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology, from UNC, Chapel Hill. Haskins, who was a noncommissioned officer in the United States Marine Corps from 1963 to 1966, lives with his wife in Rockville, Maryland, and is the father of four grown children.

Adele Morris is a Fellow and Policy Director for Climate and Energy Economics at The Brookings Institution. Her expertise and interests include the economics of policies related to climate change, energy, natural resources, and public finance. She joined Brookings in July 2008 from the Joint Economic Committee (JEC) of the U.S. Congress, where she spent a year as a Senior Economist covering energy and climate issues. Her current research focuses on the design of a domestic cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse emissions and the economics of potential international climate agreements. She is also an adjunct assistant professor at Georgetown University, where she teaches a graduate course on the economics of climate policy.

Before the JEC, Adele served nine years with the U.S. Treasury Department as its chief natural resource economist, working on climate, energy, agriculture, and radio spectrum issues. On assignment to the U.S. Department of State in 2000, she was the lead U.S. negotiator on land use and forestry issues in the international climate change treaty process. Prior to joining the Treasury, she served as the Senior Economist for environmental affairs at the President's Council of Economic Advisers during the development of the Kyoto Protocol. She began her career at the Office of Management and Budget, where she conducted regulatory oversight of agriculture and natural resource agencies. She holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Princeton University, an M.S. in Mathematics from the University of Utah, and a B.A. from Rice University.

Pietro Nivola is a senior fellow at The Brookings Institution, where he holds the C. Douglas Dillon Chair in Governance Studies. Dr. Nivola was vice president and director of Governance Studies at Brookings between 2004 and 2008. He began at Brookings as a visiting fellow in 1988, and was appointed a senior fellow in 1993. Prior to that, he had been an associate professor of political science at the University of Vermont, and in 1976-77 a lecturer in the department of government at Harvard University.

Nivola has written numerous books and articles on subjects ranging from energy regulation and environmental protection, to trade and industrial policy, urban problems, federalism, and American national politics. He is the author of Regulating Unfair Trade (Brookings, 1993) and, with Robert W. Crandall, The Extra Mile: Rethinking Energy Policy for Automotive Transportation (Brookings, 1995). Two of his earlier books were The Politics of Energy Conservation (Brookings, 1986) and The Urban Service Problem (Lexington Books/D.C. Heath, 1979). With David H. Rosenbloom, Nivola is also co-editor of the widely adopted text Classic Readings in American Politics, first published by St. Martin's Press in 1986 and now in its third edition. In 1997 Nivola produced the Brookings conference volume Comparative Disadvantages? Social Regulations and the Global Economy (Brookings, 1997). His more recent works include Laws of the Landscape: How Policies Shape Cities in Europe and America (Brookings, 1999); Managing Green Mandates: Local Rigors of U.S. Environmental Regulation (with Jon A. Shields) published in 2001 by the AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies; Tense Commandments: Federal Prescriptions and City Problems (Brookings, 2002); and Agenda for the Nation (Brookings 2003), a volume co-edited with Henry J. Aaron and James M. Lindsay. His latest books, co-edited with David W. Brady of the Hoover Institution, are Red and Blue Nation? Volume I: Characteristics and Causes of America's Polarized Politics (Brookings/Hoover, 2006) and Red and Blue Nation? Volume II: Consequences and Correction of America's Polarized Politics (Brookings/Hoover, 2008).

Pietro Nivola received his A.B. and Ph.D. from Harvard University. He also holds an M.C.P. from the Harvard Graduate School of Design. Nivola was awarded Harvard's Frederick Sheldon Traveling Fellowship, and was a Samuel Andrew Stouffer Fellow at the Joint Center for Urban Studies of Harvard and M.I.T. His work has been supported by grants or fellowships from the Ford Foundation, the Earhart Foundation, the Smith Richardson Foundation, the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, the Alex C. Walker Foundation, the Century Foundation, the Joyce Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.

Audrey Singer is a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Metropolitan Policy Program. Her areas of expertise include demography, international migration, immigration policy, and urban and metropolitan change. She has written extensively on U.S. immigration trends, including immigrant integration, undocumented migration, naturalization and citizenship, and the changing racial and ethnic composition of the United States. Her recent co-edited book, Twenty-First Century Gateways: Immigrant Incorporation in Suburban America focuses on the fastest growing immigrant populations among second-tier metropolitan areas, including Washington, DC, Atlanta, Dallas, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Sacramento, and Charlotte.

Other Brookings publications include, Getting Current: Recent Demographic Trends in Metropolitan America, Immigrants, Politics, and Local Response in Suburban Washington, Recent Immigration to Philadelphia: Regional Change in a Re-Emerging Gateway, The Rise of New Immigrant Gateways, At Home in the Nation's Capital: Immigrant Trends in Metropolitan Washington, From 'Here' to 'There': Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America and Finding Exurbia: America's Fast-Growing Communities at the Metropolitan Fringe, all published by the Brookings Institution. Singer recently published, Financial Access for Immigrants: Lessons from Diverse Perspectives jointly with the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Her articles have appeared in academic journals such as International Migration Review, Demography, Urban Geography, Geographical Review, and Ethnic and Racial Studies and her commentary has appeared in the New York Times, Washington Post, Baltimore Sun, Christian Science Monitor, Seattle Times and Vanguardia Dossier.

Prior to joining Brookings, Singer was an associate in the International Migration Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Prior to Carnegie, she held a faculty position in the Department of Demography at Georgetown University, and was a demographic analyst at the U.S. Department of Labor. She is the incoming elected chair of the International Migration Section of the American Sociological Association.

Singer earned a Ph.D. in sociology, with a specialization in demography, from the University of Texas at Austin. She has an M.A. in sociology also from the University of Texas at Austin and a B.A. in sociology from Temple University. She conducted postdoctoral research at the University of Chicago.

Clifford Winston, a senior fellow in the Brookings Institution's Economic Studies program, has been with Brookings since 1984. He is an applied microeconomist who specializes in the analysis of industrial organization, regulation, and transportation.

Winston has also been co-editor of the annual microeconomics edition of Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. Prior to his fellowship at Brookings, he was an associate professor in the Transportation Systems Division of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Department of Civil Engineering.

The author of numerous books and articles, Winston has published Government Failure versus Market Failure (AEI-Brookings, 2006); Deregulation of Network Industries: What's Next?, with Sam Peltzman (AEI-Brookings, 2000); Essays in Transportation Economics and Policy: A Handbook in Honor of John R. Meyer, with Jose A. Gomez-Ibanez and William B. Tye (1999); Alternate Route: Toward Efficient Urban Transportation, with Chad Shirley (1998); The Evolution of the Airline Industry, with Steven A. Morrison (1995); The Economic Effects of Surface Freight Deregulation, with Thomas M. Corsi, Curtis M. Grimm, and Carol A. Evans (1990); Road Work: A New Highway Pricing and Investment Policy, with Kenneth A. Small and Carol Evans (1989); Liability: Perspectives and Policy, with Robert E. Litan (1988); Blind Intersection? Policy and the Automobile Industry, co-author (1987); and The Economic Effects of Airline Deregulation, with Steven Morrison (1986). His articles have appeared in such journals as the American Economic Review, Econometrica, Review of Economics and Statistics, Journal of Economic Literature, Bell Journal of Economics, and the Rand Journal of Economics.

Dr. Winston received his A.B. in economics from the University of California at Berkeley in 1974, his M.Sc. from the London School of Economics in 1975, and his Ph.D. in economics from U.C. Berkeley in 1979.