Maurice A. Finocchiaro (Philosophy) has accepted an invitation to contribute a chapter for a festschrift honoring a historian named Sergio Pagano, who is a priest and the director of the “Vatican Secret Archive.” This is a repository of official documents that have religious, political, or administrative significance. Originally, the archive was so “secret” that its existence was generally unknown, but in 1881 it was opened to researchers with the proper credentials. One of its most precious holdings is a file of documents consisting of the Inquisition proceedings for the trial of Galileo in 1633. Finocchiaro has had the privilege to examine this file on two occasions (1986 and 2004), as part of his research for two books published by the University of California Press: The Galileo Affair: A Documentary History (1989) and Retrying Galileo, 1633-1992 (2005).