Lung-Chang Chien (Epidemiology and Biostatistics) and Maxim Gakh (Environmental and Occupational Health) published a research paper, "The Lagged Effect of State Gun Laws on the Reduction of State-level Firearm Homicide Mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2017," in a peer-reviewed journal, Public Health. The study found that, on average, states with the most gun law provisions had to wait at least seven years for firearm homicide mortality risk to decline. Thus, the centrality of gun law enforcement should be emphasized, and firearm policy researchers need to consider how specific gun laws are implemented over time to help inform law-based interventions.