Cynthia Clark (Teaching and Learning) has published a study, "Teacher Candidate Technology Integration: For Student Learning or Instruction?" in the Journal of Digital Learning and Teacher Education. The co-authors are Shaoan Zhang and Neal Strudler (both Teaching and Learning). The study applied transfer of learning theory to the examination of secondary teacher candidates' integration of technology in their field experiences. This study was funded by a Teaching & Learning mini-grant for technology in 2013-14.