Dr. Buddha Dawn (Medicine) recently co-authored an article, “WJMSC-derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Enhance T Cell Suppression through PD-L1," in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, the official journal of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. The results show that PD-L1 is essential for Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) to modulate T cell receptors. The data also suggest that sEV-associated PD-L1 may be useful toward predicting WJMSC therapy outcomes.