Benjamin Burroughs (Journalism and Media Studies) has published a chapter titled "Fake Memetics: Political Rhetoric and Circulation in Political Campaigns" in the book Fake News: Understanding Media and Misinformation in the Digital Age published by the MIT Press. The chapter argues that memes operate as stitching devices, which meld platforms, ideology, and geopolitics within social networks and political campaigns — making them an important site of study for the weaving of fake news and misinformation into the fabric of political discourse and, ultimately, political deliberation.